Environment MCQs 7

1. Which international agreement, adopted in 1995, aims to protect marine environments from land-based activities?

a) Kyoto Protocol b) Stockholm Convention c) Paris Agreement d) Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA)

d) The Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA) was adopted in 1995. It is a voluntary initiative aimed at preventing the degradation of the marine environment from land-based activities by addressing sources of pollution such as wastewater, solid waste, and agricultural runoff.

2. The 1985 Vienna Convention primarily addresses which environmental concern?

a) Ozone layer depletion b) Climate change c) Deforestation d) Desertification

a) The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, adopted in 1985, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by reducing the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. It laid the groundwork for the Montreal Protocol.

3. Which report, released in 1987, introduced the concept of sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs?

a) Brundtland Report b) IPCC First Assessment Report c) Montreal Protocol Report d) Club of Rome Report

a) The Brundtland Report, officially known as "Our Common Future," was released by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in 1987. It popularized the term "sustainable development" and highlighted the interconnectedness of economic development and environmental protection.

4. The Basel Convention, adopted in 1989, primarily regulates what environmental issue?

a) Transboundary movements of hazardous wastes b) Marine pollution c) Air pollution d) Endangered species trade

a) The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal was adopted in 1989. It aims to reduce hazardous waste movements between nations, especially from developed to less developed countries, and to ensure environmentally sound management of such wastes.

5. Which year did the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) officially come into force?

a) 1990 b) 1992 c) 1994 d) 1997

c) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and came into force on March 21, 1994. It provides a framework for international cooperation to combat climate change by limiting average global temperature increases and coping with its impacts.

6. The Aichi Biodiversity Targets were established under which convention?

a) UNFCCC b) Ramsar Convention c) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) d) CITES

c) The Aichi Biodiversity Targets were established in 2010 during the CBD's COP10 meeting in Nagoya, Japan. They set 20 targets under five strategic goals to halt biodiversity loss by 2020.

7. What was the main focus of the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report released in 2021?

a) Renewable energy technologies b) limate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability c) Reduction in air pollution d) Ozone layer recovery

b) The IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), released in 2021, focused on the current state of knowledge about climate change, its impacts on natural and human systems, adaptation, vulnerability, and mitigation strategies.

8. Which global environmental agreement adopted in 2015 emphasizes the “no net loss” approach for wetlands?

a) Ramsar Convention b) Paris Agreement c) Bonn Challenge d) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

a) The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, adopted in 1971 but emphasized in the 2015 Paris Agreement, includes the concept of “no net loss” for wetlands, aiming to maintain or restore the area and ecological character of wetland habitats.

9. Which of the following conventions was established to control the global trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides?

a) Stockholm Convention b) Rotterdam Convention c) Basel Convention d) Vienna Convention

b) The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade was adopted in 1998 and entered into force in 2004. It aims to promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among parties in the international trade of hazardous chemicals.

10. In which year did the first Conference of the Parties (COP1) to the UNFCCC take place?

a) 1990 b) 1990 c) 1995 d) 1997

c) The first Conference of the Parties (COP1) to the UNFCCC was held in Berlin, Germany, in 1995. It set the stage for future negotiations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the eventual adoption of the Kyoto Protocol.

If any answer found wrong, Please comment.

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