Polity MCQs
1. What is the primary function of the Global Environment Facility (GEF)?
b) The Global Environment Facility (GEF) was established to provide financial support to developing countries for projects that address global environmental challenges, such as biodiversity loss, climate change, and pollution. It serves as a funding mechanism for various international environmental agreements, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
2. Which of the following pollutants is most responsible for causing acid rain?
c) Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is a major contributor to acid rain. When released into the atmosphere, SO₂ reacts with water vapor to form sulfuric acid. This acid can precipitate as rain, snow, or fog, causing environmental damage to forests, soils, and aquatic systems, as well as human-made structures.
3.Which protocol specifically aims to phase out the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)?
c) The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, adopted in 2016, aims to phase down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases used mainly in refrigeration and air conditioning. Unlike chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer but contribute significantly to global warming.
4. What is the primary concern associated with microplastics in marine environments?
c) Microplastics can adsorb and carry harmful pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), on their surfaces. When ingested by marine organisms, these microplastics and their adsorbed toxins can enter the food chain, posing significant risks to marine life and potentially human health.
5. Which ecosystem service is primarily provided by wetlands?
a) Wetlands play a crucial role in carbon sequestration by storing carbon in plant biomass and soil, thereby reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels. They also provide other ecosystem services such as water purification, flood regulation, and habitat for biodiversity, as emphasized in various environmental assessments by the Ramsar Convention.
6. Which of the following is the most significant anthropogenic source of methane (CH₄) emissions?
c) Agriculture is the largest human-made source of methane (CH₄) emissions, particularly through enteric fermentation in livestock (e.g., cows) and anaerobic decomposition in flooded rice paddies. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential much higher than carbon dioxide over a 20-year period, as highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
7. Which of the following practices is most effective for controlling soil erosion in agricultural areas?
b) Contour plowing is an agricultural practice that involves plowing along the contours of the land, rather than up and down slopes. This method helps to reduce soil erosion by slowing down water runoff and promoting water infiltration, which is crucial in preventing the loss of topsoil, as per guidelines by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
8. What is the primary focus of the Stockholm Convention?
b) The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty aimed at eliminating or reducing the release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are toxic chemicals that resist degradation and accumulate in the environment and in human and animal tissues. These pollutants pose serious health risks, including cancer and endocrine disruption.
9. Which biome is most vulnerable to deforestation due to agricultural expansion?
c) Tropical rainforests are the most vulnerable to deforestation, primarily due to agricultural expansion, logging, and cattle ranching. These activities lead to significant biodiversity loss, carbon emissions, and disruption of water cycles, as reported by multiple studies and organizations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
10. Which of the following terms describes the maximum population size an environment can sustainably support?
a) Carrying capacity is the maximum population size of a species that an environment can sustain indefinitely without being degraded. It depends on the availability of resources such as food, water, and shelter, and is a key concept in ecology and environmental management.
If any answer found wrong, Please comment.
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