1. Which of the following is an example of a "carbon sink"?
c) Forests are examples of carbon sinks because they absorb more carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere through photosynthesis than they release. They play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by reducing the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere.
2. The concept of "Planetary Boundaries" includes which of the following limits?
b) The Planetary Boundaries framework, introduced in a 2009 paper by Johan Rockström and colleagues, identifies nine critical Earth system processes that have boundaries. One of these boundaries is atmospheric CO₂ concentration, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of the Earth's climate system.
3. What is the main purpose of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)?
c) The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. It provides a framework for regulating trade based on the conservation status of species.
4. The term "Desertification" is best described as:
b) Desertification is defined by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities, such as overgrazing, deforestation, and poor irrigation practices.
5. Which gas is primarily responsible for the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of smog?
c) Ground-level ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight. This process contributes to the formation of smog, which can have harmful effects on respiratory health and ecosystems, as reported by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
6. Which biome is known for its distinct four seasons and high annual rainfall?
d) Temperate deciduous forests experience four distinct seasons: winter, spring, summer, and autumn. They receive a moderate to high amount of rainfall annually, supporting diverse plant and animal life. This biome is characterized by broadleaf trees that shed their leaves in winter.
7. The term "Biodiversity Hotspot" refers to:
c) Biodiversity hotspots, as defined by Conservation International, are regions that are significantly rich in endemic species but are also experiencing exceptional levels of habitat loss. These areas are prioritized for conservation efforts due to their unique biodiversity and the threats they face.
8. What does the term "Carbon Sequestration" refer to?
b) Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) to mitigate climate change. This can occur naturally through forests, soils, and oceans, or artificially through technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS), as highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
9. Which of the following is a result of ocean acidification?
b) Ocean acidification results from the absorption of excess atmospheric CO₂ by oceans, leading to a decrease in pH. This makes it harder for marine organisms, like corals and shellfish, to build and maintain their calcium carbonate shells and skeletons, causing coral bleaching and shell dissolution, as noted by the IPCC.
10. The "Carbon Neutrality" target set by many countries aims to:
b) Carbon neutrality involves balancing the amount of emitted carbon with an equivalent amount of carbon removal or offsetting, thereby achieving net-zero emissions. This target is part of global efforts to limit global warming, as outlined in the Paris Agreement.
If any answer found wrong, Please comment.
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